1.
Knoth, C, Knechtle, B, Rüst, CA, et al. Participation and performance trends in multistage ultramarathons – the ‘Marathon des Sables’ 2003–2012. Extreme Physiol Med 2012; 1(1): 13.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline2.
Scheer, V . Participation trends of ultra endurance events. Sports Med Arthrosc Rev 2019; 27(1): 3–7.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline3.
Vitti, A, Nikolaidis, PT, Villiger, E, et al. The ‘New York City Marathon’: participation and performance trends of 1.2 M runners during half-century. Res Sports Med 2020; 28(1): 121–137.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline4.
Eime, RM, Young, JA, Harvey, JT, et al. A systematic review of the psychological and social benefits of participation in sport for adults: informing development of a conceptual model of health through sport. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2013; 10: 135.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline |
ISI5.
Miller, KR, McClave, SA, Jampolis, MB, et al. The health benefits of exercise and physical activity. Cur Nutr Rep 2016; 5(3): 204–212.
Google Scholar |
Crossref6.
Koplan, JP, Powell, KE, Sikes, RK, et al. An epidemiologic study of the benefits and risks of running. JAMA 1982; 248(23): 3118–3121.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline |
ISI7.
de Oliveira, EP, Burini, RC, Jeukendrup, A. Gastrointestinal complaints during exercise: prevalence, etiology, and nutritional recommendations. Sports Med 2014; 44(Suppl. 1): S79–S85.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline8.
O’Brien, WJ, Rowlands, DS. Fructose-maltodextrin ratio in a carbohydrate-electrolyte solution differentially affects exogenous carbohydrate oxidation rate, gut comfort, and performance. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2011; 300(1): G181–G189.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline9.
Stuempfle, KJ, Hoffman, MD. Gastrointestinal distress is common during a 161-km ultramarathon. J Sports Sci 2015; 33(17): 1814–1821.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline10.
Hoffman, MD, Fogard, K. Factors related to successful completion of a 161-km ultramarathon. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2011; 6(1): 25–37.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline11.
Cohen, DC, Winstanley, A, Engledow, A, et al. Marathon-induced ischemic colitis: why running is not always good for you. Am J Emer Med 2009; 27(2): 255.e5–255.e7.
Google Scholar |
Crossref12.
Costa, RJS, Snipe, RMJ, Kitic, CM, et al. Systematic review: exercise-induced gastrointestinal syndrome – implications for health and intestinal disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2017; 46(3): 246–265.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline13.
Peters, HPF, Bos, M, Seebregts, L, et al. Gastrointestinal symptoms in long-distance runners, cyclists, and triathletes: prevalence, medication, and etiology. Am J Gastroenterol 1999; 94(6): 1570–1581.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline14.
ter Steege, RW, Van der Palen, J, Kolkman, JJ. Prevalence of gastrointestinal complaints in runners competing in a long-distance run: an internet-based observational study in 1281 subjects. Scand J Gastroenterol 2008; 43(12): 1477–1482.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline15.
Rehrer, NJ, Meijer, GA. Biomechanical vibration of the abdominal region during running and bicycling. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 1991; 31(2): 231–234.
Google Scholar |
Medline16.
Rehrer, NJ, van Kemenade, M, Meester, W, et al. Gastrointestinal complaints in relation to dietary intake in triathletes. Int J Sport Nutr 1992; 2(1): 48–59.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline17.
Rollo, I, James, L, Croft, L, et al. The effect of carbohydrate-electrolyte beverage drinking strategy on 10-mile running performance. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2012; 22(5): 338–346.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline18.
Wilson, PB . Dietary and non-dietary correlates of gastrointestinal distress during the cycle and run of a triathlon. Eur J Sport Sci 2016; 16(4): 448–454.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline19.
Van Wijck, K, Lenaerts, K, Van Bijnen, AA, et al. Aggravation of exercise-induced intestinal injury by Ibuprofen in athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2012; 44(12): 2257–2262.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline20.
Wilson, PB . Perceived life stress and anxiety correlate with chronic gastrointestinal symptoms in runners. J Sports Sci 2018; 36(15): 1713–1719.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline21.
Wilson, PB, Russell, H, Pugh, J. Anxiety may be a risk factor for experiencing gastrointestinal symptoms during endurance races: an observational study. Eur J Sport Sci 2021; 21: 421–427.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline22.
Wilson, PB . The psychobiological etiology of gastrointestinal distress in sport: a review. J Clin Gastroenterol 2020; 54(4): 297–304.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline23.
Greenwood-Van Meerveld, B, Johnson, AC. Mechanisms of stress-induced visceral pain. J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2018; 24(1): 7–18.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline24.
Mertz, H, Naliboff, B, Munakata, J, et al. Altered rectal perception is a biological marker of patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterology 1995; 109(1): 40–52.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline25.
Piché, M, Arsenault, M, Poitras, P, et al. Widespread hypersensitivity is related to altered pain inhibition processes in irritable bowel syndrome. Pain 2010; 148(1): 49–58.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline26.
Stabell, N, Stubhaug, A, Flægstad, T, et al. Increased pain sensitivity among adults reporting irritable bowel syndrome symptoms in a large population-based study. Pain 2013; 154(3): 385–392.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline27.
Bouin, M, Meunier, P, Riberdy-Poitras, M, et al. Pain hypersensitivity in patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders: a gastrointestinal-specific defect or a general systemic condition. Dig Dis Sci 2001; 46(11): 2542–2548.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline28.
Verne, GN, Robinson, ME, Price, DD. Hypersensitivity to visceral and cutaneous pain in the irritable bowel syndrome. Pain 2001; 93(1): 7–14.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline |
ISI29.
Dunphy, RC, Bridgewater, L, Price, DD, et al. Visceral and cutaneous hypersensitivity in Persian Gulf war veterans with chronic gastrointestinal symptoms. Pain 2003; 102(1–2): 79–85.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline30.
Azpiroz, F, Bouin, M, Camilleri, M, et al. Mechanisms of hypersensitivity in IBS and functional disorders. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2007; 19(1. Suppl.): 62–88.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline31.
Verne, GN, Robinson, ME, Vase, L, et al. Reversal of visceral and cutaneous hyperalgesia by local rectal anesthesia in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients. Pain 2003; 105(1–2): 223–230.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline32.
Koenen, LR, Icenhour, A, Forkmann, K, et al. Greater fear of visceral pain contributes to differences between visceral and somatic pain in healthy women. Pain 2017; 158(8): 1599–1608.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline33.
Chang, L . Epidemiology and quality of life in functional gastrointestinal disorders. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2004; 20: 31–39.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline |
ISI34.
Wilson, PB . Frequency of chronic gastrointestinal distress in runners: validity and reliability of a retrospective questionnaire. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2017; 27(4): 370–376.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline35.
Ruscheweyh, R, Marziniak, M, Stumpenhorst, F, et al. Pain sensitivity can be assessed by self-rating: development and validation of the pain sensitivity questionnaire. Pain 2009; 146(1-2): 65–74.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline36.
Allen, RP, Kosinski, M, Hill-Zabala, CE, et al. Psychometric evaluation and tests of validity of the medical outcomes study 12-item Sleep Scale (MOS sleep). Sleep Med 2009; 10(5): 531–539.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline37.
Finan, PH, Goodin, BR, Smith, MT. The association of sleep and pain: an update and a path forward. J Pain 2013; 14(12): 1539–1552.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline |
ISI38.
Pfeiffer, B, Stellingwerff, T, Hodgson, AB, et al. Nutritional intake and gastrointestinal problems during competitive endurance events. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2012; 44(2): 344–351.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline39.
Dorn, SD, Palsson, OS, Thiwan, SI, et al. Increased colonic pain sensitivity in irritable bowel syndrome is the result of an increased tendency to report pain rather than increased neurosensory sensitivity. Gut 2007; 56(9): 1202–1209.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline40.
Rosier, EM, Iadarola, MJ, Coghill, RC. Reproducibility of pain measurement and pain perception. Pain 2002; 98(1-2): 205–216.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline41.
Valeberg, BT, Pedersen, LM, Girotto, V, et al. Validation of the Norwegian pain sensitivity questionnaire. J Pain Res 2017; 10: 1137–1142.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline42.
Wilson, PB . Associations between sleep and in-race gastrointestinal symptoms: an observational study of running and triathlon race competitors. Sleep Sci 2020; 13(4): 293–297.
Google Scholar |
Medline43.
Hoogervorst, D, van der Burg, N, Versteegen, JJ, et al. Gastrointestinal complaints and correlations with self-reported macronutrient intake in independent groups of (ultra) marathon runners competing at different distances. Sports 2019; 7(6): 140.
Google Scholar |
Crossref44.
Tesarz, J, Schuster, AK, Hartmann, M, et al. Pain perception in athletes compared to normally active controls: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Pain 2012; 153(6): 1253–1262.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline |
ISI45.
Geva, N, Defrin, R. Enhanced pain modulation among triathletes: a possible explanation for their exceptional capabilities. Pain 2013; 154(11): 2317–2323.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline46.
Pettersen, SD, Aslaksen, PM, Pettersen, SA. Pain processing in elite and high-level athletes compared to non-athletes. Front Psychol 2020; 11: 1908.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline
Comments (0)