Liang J, Wolsiefer K, Zestcott CA, Chase D, Stone J. Implicit bias toward cervical cancer: Provider and training differences. Gynecol Oncol. Apr 2019;153(1):80-86. doi:10.1016/j.ygyno.2019.01.013
2Penner LA, Dovidio JF, Gonzalez R, et al. The Effects of Oncologist Implicit Racial Bias in Racially Discordant Oncology Interactions. J Clin Oncol. Aug 20 2016;34(24):2874-80. doi:10.1200/JCO.2015.66.3658
3Chapman EN, Kaatz A, Carnes M. Physicians and implicit bias: how doctors may unwittingly perpetuate health care disparities. J Gen Intern Med. Nov 2013;28(11):1504-10. doi:10.1007/s11606-013-2441-1
4Hansen M, Schoonover A, Skarica B, Harrod T, Bahr N, Guise JM. Implicit gender bias among US resident physicians. BMC Med Educ. Oct 29 2019;19(1):396. doi:10.1186/s12909-019-1818-1
5Phillips NA, Tannan SC, Kalliainen LK. Understanding and Overcoming Implicit Gender Bias in Plastic Surgery. Plast Reconstr Surg. Nov 2016;138(5):1111-1116. doi:10.1097/PRS.0000000000002668
6Knoll MA, Glucksman E, Tarbell N, Jagsi R. Putting Women on the Escalator: How to Address the Ongoing Leadership Disparity in Radiation Oncology. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. Jan 1 2019;103(1):5-7. doi:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.08.011
7Foster CC, Hasan Y, Son CH, McCall AR. Linearly Accelerating Toward Gender Equity in Radiation Oncology. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. Aug 1 2019;104(5):974-978. doi:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.03.037
8Vengaloor Thomas T, Perekattu Kuruvilla T, Holliday E, et al. Cross-Sectional Gender Analysis of US Radiation Oncology Residency Programs in 2019: More Than a Pipeline Issue? Adv Radiat Oncol. Nov-Dec 2020;5(6):1099-1103. doi:10.1016/j.adro.2020.07.008
9Deville C, Jr., Cruickshank I, Jr., Chapman CH, et al. I Can't Breathe: The Continued Disproportionate Exclusion of Black Physicians in the United States Radiation Oncology Workforce. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. Nov 15 2020;108(4):856-863. doi:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.015
10Holliday EB, Siker M, Chapman CH, et al. Achieving gender equity in the radiation oncology physician workforce. Adv Radiat Oncol. Oct-Dec 2018;3(4):478-483. doi:10.1016/j.adro.2018.09.003
11Duma N, Durani U, Woods CB, et al. Evaluating Unconscious Bias: Speaker Introductions at an International Oncology Conference. J Clin Oncol. Dec 20 2019;37(36):3538-3545. doi:10.1200/JCO.19.01608
12Huang C, Lapen K, Shah K, et al. Evaluating Speaker Introductions at the American Society for Radiation Oncology Annual Meeting. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. Dec 1 2020;108(5):1400-1401. doi:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.09.024
13Jones RD, Chapman CH, Holliday EB, et al. Qualitative Assessment of Academic Radiation Oncology Department Chairs' Insights on Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion: Progress, Challenges, and Future Aspirations. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. May 1 2018;101(1):30-45. doi:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.01.012
14Bertrand MS, Mullainathan. Are Emily and Greg More Employable Than Lakisha and Jamal? A Field Experiment on Labor Market Discrimination. American Economic Review. 2004; 94(4)
15Hoyt CL. Women, Men, and Leadership: Exploring the Gender Gap at the Top. Social and Personality Psychology Compas. 2010;4:484-498.
1617Pololi LH, Civian JT, Brennan RT, Dottolo AL, Krupat E. Experiencing the culture of academic medicine: gender matters, a national study. J Gen Intern Med. Feb 2013;28(2):201-7. doi:10.1007/s11606-012-2207-1
18Girod S, Fassiotto M, Grewal D, et al. Reducing Implicit Gender Leadership Bias in Academic Medicine With an Educational Intervention. Acad Med. Aug 2016;91(8):1143-50. doi:10.1097/ACM.0000000000001099
19Valantine H, Sandborg CI. Changing the culture of academic medicine to eliminate the gender leadership gap: 50/50 by 2020. Acad Med. Oct 2013;88(10):1411-3. doi:10.1097/ACM.0b013e3182a34952
20White FS, McDade S, Yamagata H, Morahan PS. Gender-related differences in the pathway to and characteristics of U.S. medical school deanships. Acad Med. Aug 2012;87(8):1015-23. doi:10.1097/ACM.0b013e31825d3495
2122Sue DW, Alsaidi S, Awad MN, Glaeser E, Calle CZ, Mendez N. Disarming racial microaggressions: Microintervention strategies for targets, White allies, and bystanders. Am Psychol. Jan 2019;74(1):128-142. doi:10.1037/amp0000296
23Poole KG, Jr. Patient-Experience Data and Bias - What Ratings Don't Tell Us. N Engl J Med. Feb 28 2019;380(9):801-803. doi:10.1056/NEJMp1813418
24Sotto-Santiago S, Slaven JE, Rohr-Kirchgraber T. (Dis)Incentivizing Patient Satisfaction Metrics: The Unintended Consequences of Institutional Bias. Health Equity. 2019;3(1):13-18. doi:10.1089/heq.2018.0065
25McGaghie WC, Cohen ER, Wayne DB. Are United States Medical Licensing Exam Step 1 and 2 scores valid measures for postgraduate medical residency selection decisions? Acad Med. Jan 2011;86(1):48-52. doi:10.1097/ACM.0b013e3181ffacdb
26Program NRM. National Resident Matching Program, Data Release and Research Committee: Results of the 2020 NRMP Program Director Survey. https://mk0nrmp3oyqui6wqfm.kinstacdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/2020-PD-Survey.pdf27Lett LA, Murdock HM, Orji WU, Aysola J, Sebro R. Trends in Racial/Ethnic Representation Among US Medical Students. JAMA Netw Open. Sep 4 2019;2(9):e1910490. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.10490
28Deville C, Hwang WT, Burgos R, Chapman CH, Both S, Thomas CR, Jr. Diversity in Graduate Medical Education in the United States by Race, Ethnicity, and Sex, 2012. JAMA Intern Med. Oct 2015;175(10):1706-8. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2015.4324
29Taparra K, Miller RC, Deville C, Jr. Navigating Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander Cancer Disparities From a Cultural and Historical Perspective. JCO Oncol Pract. Mar 2021;17(3):130-134. doi:10.1200/OP.20.00831
30Chapman BV, Rooney MK, Ludmir EB, et al. Linguistic Biases in Letters of Recommendation for Radiation Oncology Residency Applicants from 2015 to 2019. J Cancer Educ. Oct 27 2020;doi:10.1007/s13187-020-01907-x
31Friedman R, Fang CH, Hasbun J, et al. Use of standardized letters of recommendation for otolaryngology head and neck surgery residency and the impact of gender. Laryngoscope. Dec 2017;127(12):2738-2745. doi:10.1002/lary.26619
32French JC, Zolin SJ, Lampert E, et al. Gender and Letters of Recommendation: A Linguistic Comparison of the Impact of Gender on General Surgery Residency Applicants(). J Surg Educ. Jul - Aug 2019;76(4):899-905. doi:10.1016/j.jsurg.2018.12.007
33Kobayashi AN, Sterling RS, Tackett SA, Chee BW, Laporte DM, Humbyrd CJ. Are There Gender-based Differences in Language in Letters of Recommendation to an Orthopaedic Surgery Residency Program? Clin Orthop Relat Res. Jul 2020;478(7):1400-1408. doi:10.1097/CORR.0000000000001053
34Rubright JD, Jodoin M, Barone MA. Examining Demographics, Prior Academic Performance, and United States Medical Licensing Examination Scores. Acad Med. Mar 2019;94(3):364-370. doi:10.1097/ACM.0000000000002366
35Rooney CS, Bob. Test Scores Do Not Equal Merit: Enhancing Equity & Excellence in College Admissions by Deemphasizing SAT and ACT Results. 1998.
36Burgess DJ, Warren J, Phelan S, Dovidio J, van Ryn M. Stereotype threat and health disparities: what medical educators and future physicians need to know. J Gen Intern Med. May 2010;25 Suppl 2:S169-77. doi:10.1007/s11606-009-1221-4
37Walton GM, Spencer SJ. Latent ability: grades and test scores systematically underestimate the intellectual ability of negatively stereotyped students. Psychol Sci. Sep 2009;20(9):1132-9. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02417.x
38Carmody JB, Rajasekaran SK. More on the Role of USMLE Step 1 in Resident Selection. Acad Med. Jul 2019;94(7):921. doi:10.1097/ACM.0000000000002744
39Duckworth A. Grit. Simon & Chuster; 2016.
40Capers IV Q. How Clinicians and Educators Can Mitigate Implicit Bias in Patient Care and Candidate Selection in Medical Education. ATS scholar. 2020;1(3):211-217.
41Erkmen CP, Kane L, Cooke DT. Bias Mitigation in Cardiothoracic Recruitment. Ann Thorac Surg. Jan 2021;111(1):12-15. doi:10.1016/j.athoracsur.2020.07.005
42Duma N, Maingi S, Tap WD, Weekes CD, Thomas CR, Jr. Establishing a Mutually Respectful Environment in the Workplace: A Toolbox for Performance Excellence. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book. Jan 2019;39:e219-e226. doi:10.1200/EDBK_249529
43Hancock AB, Stutts HW, Bass A. Perceptions of Gender and Femininity Based on Language: Implications for Transgender Communication Therapy. Lang Speech. Sep 2015;58(Pt 3):315-33. doi:10.1177/0023830914549084
4445Torres MB, Salles A, Cochran A. Recognizing and Reacting to Microaggressions in Medicine and Surgery. JAMA Surg. Sep 1 2019;154(9):868-872. doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2019.1648
46Molina MF, Landry AI, Chary AN, Burnett-Bowie SM. Addressing the Elephant in the Room: Microaggressions in Medicine. Ann Emerg Med. Oct 2020;76(4):387-391. doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2020.04.009
47Sklar R. How to Deal With a Manterrupter. Accessed 01/17/2021, 2021. https://forge.medium.com/how-to-deal-with-a-manterrupter-5ea3cb6264bb48Mello MM, Jagsi R. Standing Up against Gender Bias and Harassment - A Matter of Professional Ethics. N Engl J Med. Apr 9 2020;382(15):1385-1387. doi:10.1056/NEJMp1915351
49Milkman KL, Akinola M, Chugh D. Temporal distance and discrimination: an audit study in academia. Psychol Sci. Jul 1 2012;23(7):710-7. doi:10.1177/0956797611434539
50Robinson JD, Dieckmann N, Withers E, Hassouneh D, Thomas CR, Jr. Does Racial Bias Affect NCI-Funded PIs' Willingness to Mentor Prospective Graduate Students? Cancer Res. Sep 1 2018;78(17):4809-4811. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-18-0269
51Gaddis SM. How Black Are Lakisha and Jamal? Racial Perceptions from Names Used in Correspondence Audit Studies. Sociological Science. 2017;4:469-489.
52Ulloa JG, Talamantes E, Moreno G. Microaggressions During Medical Training. JAMA. Sep 13 2016;316(10):1113-4. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.11619
53Montenegro RE. A PIECE OF MY MIND. My Name Is Not "Interpreter". JAMA. May 17 2016;315(19):2071-2. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.1249
5455Marcelin JR, Siraj DS, Victor R, Kotadia S, Maldonado YA. The Impact of Unconscious Bias in Healthcare: How to Recognize and Mitigate It. J Infect Dis. Aug 20 2019;220(220 Suppl 2):S62-S73. doi:10.1093/infdis/jiz214
56Penner LA, Eggly S, Griggs JJ, Underwood W, 3rd, Orom H, Albrecht TL. Life-Threatening Disparities: The Treatment of Black and White Cancer Patients. J Soc Issues. Jun 25 2012;68(2)doi:10.1111/j.1540-4560.2012.01751.x
57Baker TA, Roker R, Collins HR, et al. Beyond Race and Gender: Measuring Behavioral and Social Indicators of Pain Treatment Satisfaction in Older Black and White Cancer Patients. Gerontol Geriatr Med. Jan-Dec 2016;2:2333721415625688. doi:10.1177/2333721415625688
58Todd KH, Deaton C, D'Adamo AP, Goe L. Ethnicity and analgesic practice. Ann Emerg Med. Jan 2000;35(1):11-6. doi:10.1016/s0196-0644(00)70099-0
59Todd KH, Samaroo N, Hoffman JR. Ethnicity as a risk factor for inadequate emergency department analgesia. JAMA. Mar 24-31 1993;269(12):1537-9.
60Capers Qt, Bond DA, Nori US. Bias and Racism Teaching Rounds at an Academic Medical Center. Chest. Dec 2020;158(6):2688-2694. doi:10.1016/j.chest.2020.08.2073
61Dyrbye L, Herrin J, West CP, et al. Association of Racial Bias With Burnout Among Resident Physicians. JAMA Netw Open. Jul 3 2019;2(7):e197457. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.7457
Comments (0)