Diffusion weighted MRI (dMRI) and its models of neural structure provide insight into human brain organization and variations in white matter. A recent study by McMaster, et al. showed that complex graph measures of the connectome, the graphical representation of a tractogram, vary with spatial sampling changes, but biases introduced by anisotropic voxels in the process have not been well characterized. This study uses microstructural measures (fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity) and white matter bundle properties (bundle volume, length, and surface area) to further understand the effect of anisotropic voxels on microstructure and tractography.
MethodsThe statistical significance of the selected measures derived from dMRI data were assessed by comparing three white matter bundles at different spatial resolutions with 44 subjects from the Human Connectome Project – Young Adult dataset scan/rescan data using the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test. The original isotropic resolution (1.25 mm isotropic) was explored with 6 anisotropic resolutions with 0.25 mm incremental steps in the z dimension. Then, all generated resolutions were upsampled to 1.25 mm isotropic and 1 mm isotropic.
ResultsThere were statistically significant differences between at least one microstructural and one bundle measure at every resolution (p≤0.05, corrected for multiple comparisons). Cohen's d coefficient evaluated the effect size of anisotropic voxels on microstructure and tractography.
ConclusionFractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity cannot be recovered with basic up-sampling from low quality data with gold-standard data with the methods selected for this study. However, the bundle measures across our selected regions of interest become more repeatable when voxels are resampled to 1 mm isotropic.
KeywordsTractography
DTI
Anisotropy
© 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.
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