This article traces the history of auditory neuroscience in Spain. It begins with the pioneering contributions of Santiago Ramón y Cajal, who meticulously described the organization of every region of the auditory system, from the cochlea to the cerebral cortex. His legacy continued with his disciples, Rafael Lorente de Nó, who conducted a detailed study of the cochlear nuclei, and Fernando de Castro, who later passed the baton to Jaime A. Merchán. Jaime Merchán revitalized Spanish auditory neuroscience and mentored his brother Miguel, whose contributions receive special focus.

Starting in the early 1980s, Miguel A. Merchán’s pioneering research has profoundly expanded our understanding of the structure and connectivity in the central auditory system. His collaborations, both within Spain and internationally, have played a pivotal role in shaping the field. As his career progressed, his research evolved to investigate the plasticity of the auditory system, and his recent work continues to explore innovative approaches to protect and restore hearing, with significant clinical implications.

Beyond his scientific accomplishments, Miguel Merchán’s influence as a mentor and administrator further highlights his enduring legacy. His contributions have not only advanced the field but have also nurtured the development of future generations of Spanish scientists, encouraging collaboration and innovation in the scientific community. His work continues to inspire emerging researchers, while his ongoing investigations into auditory system plasticity and protection hold promise for vital breakthroughs in the understanding and treatment of hearing loss and related disorders.