Evaluating novel human papillomavirus (HPV) tests in well-designed, population-based screening studies is essential for ensuring the benefits of cervical cancer screening.

8638 women aged over 25 years from China underwent HPV screening using a PCR-based full genotyping HPV assay (SureX HPV), alongside hybrid-capture HPV tests (DH2/careHPV) and cytology. Any abnormal results triggered colposcopy and biopsy if indicated. Screening performance was evaluated for detecting cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse (CIN2+) and CIN3+.

The high-risk HPV (hrHPV) positive rate by SureX HPV was significantly higher than by careHPV (11.0 % vs. 8.2 %, P <0.01) but similar to DH2 HPV (12.0 % vs. 11.5 %, P =0.34). The overall agreement rates between SureX HPV and careHPV/DH2 HPV were 93.5 % (Kappa=0.63) and 94.0 % (Kappa=0.71). For CIN2+ detection, SureX HPV showed not-significantly higher sensitivity than careHPV (91.2 % vs 82.5 %, P =0.18) but lower specificity (91.2 % vs. 93.1 %, P <0.01). Compared to DH2, SureX HPV demonstrated comparable sensitivity (95.7 % for both, P =1.0) and specificity (89.5 % vs. 90.2 %, P =0.21). Similar patterns were observed for CIN3+ detection. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for the SureX HPV was similar to hybrid-capture HPV tests (P >0.05 for both) and significantly higher than the cytology (ASC-US+) test for CIN2+/CIN3+ detection (P <0.05 for both).

The PCR-based SureX HPV test demonstrated good concordance with well-validated hybrid-capture HPV tests in detecting hrHPV and CIN2+/CIN3+. Despite its slightly suboptimal specificity, SureX HPV could be an alternative in primary screening due to its full genotyping capability.