Khashab et al. (2015)14 Multicenter, retrospective 10 Malignant, n=3; benign, n=7 Direct, n=1; balloon-assisted, n=9 NEC LAMS (AXIOS) 15×10 90 90 0 0 0 Itoi et al. (2016)46 Single center, prospective 20 Malignant, n=20 EPASS, n=20 EC LAMS (Hot AXIOS) 15×10 90 90 10 Misdeployment and pneumoperitoneium, n=2 0 Tyberg et al. (2016)15 International multicenter, retrospective 26 Malignant, n=17; benign, n=9 Direct, n=3; balloon-assisted, n=13; nasobiliary drain, n=3; USE-assisted, n=5; NOTES, n=2 NEC LAMS, n= 17 15×10, n=25; 10×10, n=1 92 85 11.5 Peritonitis, n=1; bleeding, n=1; abdominal pain, n=1 0 EC LAMS (Hot AXIOS), n= 9 Chen et al. (2017)25 (EUS-GE vs. ES) International multicenter, retrospective 30 Malignant, n=30 Direct, n=2; balloon-assisted, n=6; EPASS, n=22 EC LAMS (Hot AXIOS), n=20; NEC LAMS (AXIOS), n=7; NECL LAMS (Spaxus), n=2 15×10 86.7 83.3 10 Misdeployment, n=3 4.3 Perez-Miranda et al. (2017)26 (EUS-GE vs. SGJ) Multicenter, retrospective 25 Malignant, n=17; benign, n=8 Direct, n=6; balloon-assisted, n=9; USE-assisted, n=7; nasobiliary drain, n=3 EC LAMS (Hot AXIOS), NEC LAMS (AXIOS) NA 88 84 12 Bleeding, n=2; peritonitis, n=1 0 Khashab et al. (2017)27 (EUS-GE vs. SGJ) International multicenter, retrospective 30 Malignant, n=30 Direct, n=2; balloon-assisted, n=6; EPASS, n=22 EC LAMS (Hot AXIOS), n=21; NEC LAMS (AXIOS), n=7; NEC LAMS (Spaxus), n=2 NA 87 87 16 Misdeploymenet, n=3; abdominal pain, n=2 3 Chen et al. (2018)16 International multicenter, retrospective 26 Benign, n=26 Direct, n=15; balloon-assisted, n=7; EPASS, n=4 NEC LAMS, n=2; EC LAMS (Hot AXIOS), n=24 15×10 96 84 11.5 Misdeployment, n=2; gastric leakage, n=1 4.8 Chen et al. (2018)17 Multicenter, retrospective 74 Malignant, n=49; benign, n=25 Direct, n=52; balloon-assisted, n=22 NEC LAMS, n=14; EC LAMS (Hot AXIOS), n=59 15×10 93.2 (direct, 94.2%; balloon-assisted, 90.9%) 91.9 (direct: 92.3%; balloon-assisted, 90.9%) 6.8 (direct: 5.8%; balloon-assisted, 9.1%) Misdeployment, n=5 9.5 Ge et al. (2019)28 (EUS-GE vs. ES) Single center, retrospective 22 Malignant, n=22 Direct, n=22 EC LAMS (Hot AXIOS) 15×10 100 96 18.1 Misdeployment, n=2; LAMS mesh erosion, n=1; stent ingrowth, n=1 4.5 Kerdsirichairat et al. (2019)18 Single center, retrospective 57 Malignant, n=34; benign, n=23 Direct, n=57 EC LAMS (Hot AXIOS) 15×10 92.9 89.5 3.5 Leakage, n=1; hemoperitoneium, n=1 15.1 James et al. (2020)19 Single center, retrospective 22 Benign, n=22 Direct, n=9; balloon-assisted, n=8; orojejunal, n=5 NEC LAMS, EC LAMS (Hot AXIOS) 15×10, n=16; 20×10, n=5 95.4 NA 19 Abdominal pain, n=1; bleeding, n=1; stent migration, n=1; necrotizing pancreatitis, n=1 23.8 Kastelijn et al. (2020)29 International multicenter, retrospective 45 Malignant, n=45 Direct, n=36; balloon-assisted, n=9 EC LAMS (Hot AXIOS) 15×10, n=32; 20×10, n=12 86.7 73.3 26.7 Misdeploymenet, n=5; infection, n=6; stent dislocation, n=1 6.1 Xu et al. (2020)49 Single center, retrospective 36 Malignant, n=36 EPASS, n=36 EC LAMSa) NA 100 94.4 25 Misdeploymenet, n=1; bleeding, n=2; metal stent cutting the guidewire, n=3; stent migration, n=2; peritonitis, n=3; delayed bleeding, n=2 2.7 Wannhoff et al. (2021)20 Single center, retrospective 35 Malignant, n=33; benign, n=2 Direct, n=22; nasobiliary, n=10; others, n=2 NEC LAMS (Spaxus; HANARO), EC LAMS (Hot AXIOS) Hot AXIOS, n=31; 10×10, n=1; 15×10, n=18; 20×10, n=12; Niti-S Spaxus, 16×20, n=2; HANARO, 16×40, n=1 80 74.3 14.3 Peritonitis, n=3; perforation, n=1; misdeployment, n=1 NA Bronswijk et al. (2021)37 (EUS-GE vs. SGJ) International multicenter, retrospective 77 Malignant, n=74; benign, n=3 Nasobiliary, n=77 EC LAMS (Hot AXIOS) NA 94.8 92.2 6.5 Misdeployment, n=2; fever, n=2; sepsis, n=1 0 Havre et al. (2021)38 Single center, retrospective 33 Malignant, n=28; benign, n=5 Nasobiliary, n=33 EC LAMS (Hot AXIOS) 15×10, n=22; 20×10, n=7 100 0.91 30 Stent migration, n=3; bleeding, n=2; pneumonia, n=3; refeeding syndrome, n=1; more puncture, n=1 0 Jovani et al. (2021)21 Single center, retrospective 73 Malignant, n=64; benign, n=9 Direct, n=73 EC LAMS (Hot AXIOS) 15×10, n=64; 20×10, n=4 93 (68/73) 97 (66/68) 7.4 Misdeployment, n=3; hemoperitoneium, n=1; stent migration, n=1 15 Sobani et al. (2021)31 Single center, retrospective 31 Malignant, n=23; benign, n=8 Balloon-assisted, n=31 EC LAMS (Hot AXIOS) 20×10 100 93.5 3.2 Bleeding, n=1 0 Basha et al. (2021)33 Single center, retrospective 31 Malignant, n=29; benign, n=2 EPASS, n=27; nasobiliary, n=4 EC LAMS (Hot AXIOS) 15×10, 20×10 90.3 (ascites, 91.6%; without ascites, 89.4%) 87.1 (ascites, 83.3%; without ascites, 89.4%) 6.4 (ascites, 0%; without ascites, 10.5%) Colonic perforation, n=1; bleeding, n=1 NA Nguyen et al. (2021)34 Single center, retrospective 42 Malignant, n=35; benign, n=7 oroenteric catheter-assisted EC LAMS (Hot AXIOS) 15×10 98 93 7 Misdeployment, n=1; stent occlusion, n=2 NA Bejjani et al. (2022)22 International multicenter, retrospective 267 Malignant, n=267 Direct, balloon-assisted EC LAMS (Hot AXIOS) 15×10, n=148; 20×10, n=119 95.5 (15-mm LAMS, 96%; 20-mm LAMS, 95%) 87 (15-mm LAMS, 89.2%; 20-mm LAMS, 84.1%) 12.4 (15-mm LAMS, 12.8%; 20-mm LAMS, 11.8%) Misdeployment, n=23; aspiration pneumonia, n=3; small-bowl perforation, n=2; shock/bacteremia, n=2; peritonitis, n=1; others, n=2 1.9 (5/267) Abbas et al. (2022)45 Single center, prospective 50 Malignant, n=50 USE-assisted EC LAMS (Hot AXIOS) 15×10, 20×10 100 92 4 LAMS dislodgement, n=1; gastro-colonic fistula, n=1 16 Sánchez-Aldehuelo et al. (2022)39 (EUS-GE vs. ES) Multicenter, retrospective 79 Malignant, n=79 Nasobiliary, n=79 EC LAMS (Hot AXIOS) 15×10, 20×10 93.7 92.4 10.1 Misdeployment, n=3; bleeding, n=2; perforation, n=1; severe pain, n=1; aspiration, n=1 2.5 (2/79) Fischer et al. (2022)40 Two-center, retrospective 45 Malignant, n=39; benign, n=4; unclear, n=2 USE-assisted, n=18; nasobiliary, n=27 EC LAMS (Hot AXIOS) 10×10, n=1; 15×10, n=14; 20×10, n=30 98 95 24 Stent misplacement, n=7; bleeding, n=2; leakage, n=1; gastrojejunocolic fistula, n=1 18 Choi et al. (2022)41 Single center, retrospective 52 Malignant, n=41; benign, n=11 Endoscope-assisted nasobiliary NEC LAMS (AXIOS), n=6; EC LAMS (Hot AXIOS), n=46 10×10, n=3; 15×10, n=47; 20×10, n=1 92.3 80.8 26.9 Misdeployment, n=7; pneumoperitoneium, n=2; migration, n=1; miscellaneous, n=4 17.3 Mahmoud et al. (2022)30 Single center, retrospective 55 Malignant, n=55 Direct, n=7; dual scope assisted, n=10; balloon-assisted, n=8; nasobiliary, n=30 NEC LAMS (AXIOS), n=1; EC LAMS (Hot AXIOS), n=54 NA 94.8 (55/58) 91.7 (51/55) (ascites, 91.7%; without ascites, 93.5%) 27.2 (15/55) (ascites, 37.5%; without ascites, 19.4%) Misdeployment, n=5; stent migration, n=1; abdominal pain, n=5; DVT, n=1; tissue ingrowth, n=1; cholangitis, n=1; peritonitis, n=2; sepsis, n=2 3.6 Perez-Cuadrado-Robles et al. (2022)42 Single center, retrospective 28 Malignant, n=28 Oroenteric catheter-assisted EC LAMS (Hot AXIOS) 20×10 89.3 88 7.1 Gastrocolic fistula, n=1; colonic perforation, n=1 18.2 van Wanrooij et al. (2022)32 (EUS-GE vs. ES) International multicenter, retrospective 107 Malignant, n=107 Nasobiliary EC LAMS (Hot AXIOS) 15×10, 20×10 94 91 10.2 Misdeployment, n=3; aspiration pneumonia, n=1; cholangits, n=3; bleeding, n=1 1 Garcia-Alonso et al. (2023)43 Multicenter, prospective 64 Malignant, n=64 Nasobiliary EC LAMS (Hot AXIOS) 15×10, 20×10 98.4 83.3 15.6 Bleeding, n=2; perforation, n=2; stent dysfunction, n=1; bacteremia, n=1; aspiration pneumonia, n=1 15.2 Chan et al. (2023)50 (EUS-GE vs. ES vs. SGJ) Two-center, retrospective 30 Malignant, n=30 EPASS, n=30 EC LAMS (Hot AXIOS) 15×10, 20×10 93.3 93.3 6.7 (2/30) Misdeployment, n=1; biliary obstruction, n=1 1 Monino et al. (2023)23 Multicenter, retrospective 71 Malignant, n=57; benign, n=14 Direct, n=30; nasojejunal draing, n=41 EC LAMS (Hot AXIOS) 20×10 85.9 (WEST, 95.1%; DTOG, 73.3%) 94.1 (WEST, 97.5; DTOG, 89.3%) 28.2 (WEST, 14.6%; DTOG, 46.7%) Misdeployment, n=8; abdominal pain, n=5; vomiting, n=2; delayed bleeding, n=1; peritonitis, n=3; infection, n=3; stent occlusion, n=2; perforation, n=1; LAMS migration, n=1; gastrocolonic–jejunal fistula, n=1; massive jejunalischemia, n=1 NA Mangiavillano et al. (2023)35 Multicenter, retrospective 25 Malignant, n=22; benign, n=3 Nasobiliary, n=25 EC LAMS (Hot-Spaxus) 10×20, n=5; 16×20, n=20 100 68 0 0 NA Rai et al. (2023)36 Single center, retrospective 30 Malignant, n=26; benign, n=4 Nasojejunal tube-assisted, n=30 EC LAMS (Hot AXIOS) 20×10 96.7 (29/30) 100 (29/29) 6.7 Bleeding, n=1; stent migration, n=1 NA Kahaleh et al. (2024)44 International multicenter, retrospective 103 Malignant, n=72; benign, n=31 Direct, balloon-assisted, NEC LAMS (Axios), n=25; EC LAMS (Hot AXIOS), n=78 15×10, n=36; 20×10, n=67 82.5 (malignant, 83%; benign, 80.6%) 81.6 (malignant, 83%; benign, 77.4%) Immediate AE, 11.6% (malignant, 11%; benign, 13%); short-term AE, 19.4% (malignant, 15.2%; benign, 29%) Misdeployment, n=2; infection, n=5; abdominal pain, n=3; bacterial peritonitis, n=5; ascites infection, n=1; NA USE-assisted, nasobiliary GI bleeding, n=2; retroperitoneal abscess, n=1; LAMS-related jejunal ulcer with bleeding, n=1; pneumoperitoneium, n=1; perforation, n=2; hypotension, n=2; secondary obstruction, n=2 On et al. (2023)24 Multicenter, retrospective 25 Malignant, n=22; benign, n=3 Direct, n=18; orojejunal tube, n=7 EC LAMS (Hot AXIOS), n=25 15×10, n=4; 20×10, n=21 92 (23/25) 100 (23/23) 8 Misdeployment, n=2 4.8