Viral infections pose a major public health threat as they can spread rapidly and cause various diseases. These infections can affect people of all ages and result in mild to severe symptoms and sometimes death. Therefore, studying virus-host interactions is crucial for comprehending the insights behind viral infection and disease progression (Anwar et al., 2022). These insights can lead to the formulation of effective antiviral therapeutic strategies and vaccines, helping to control and prevent outbreaks. Dengue virus (DENV) infection caused by dengue stands out as one of the foremost diseases spread by mosquitoes globally, holding significant importance in global health concerns (Nascimento et al., 2014). Several countries, spanning across the globe are endemic to dengue fever (DF). The widespread distribution of the global dengue epidemic suggests that outbreaks are occurring across the world (Kok et al., 2023). Dengue is acknowledged by the WHO as a major public health issue on a global scale, especially in subtropical and tropical areas. Between 1960 and 2010, Dengue experienced a 30-fold increase globally, primarily due to factors like accelerated unplanned urbanization, population growth, global warming, inadequate mosquito control, and limited healthcare access (Hasan et al., 2016).

In the past 50 years, DENV infections have increased 30 times globally, now reaching 390 million annually. Of these, 96 million exhibit symptoms, while approximately 3.9 billion people across 129 countries are at risk (Okoye et al., 2024). The disease can lead to asymptomatic cases as well as moderate febrile fever to potentially fatal conditions like dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) or dengue shock syndrome (DSS). The more serious consequences of the viral infection like DHF and DSS are commonly witnessed in kids and teenagers (Murrell et al., 2011).

The classic DF is marked by the abrupt onset of a high fever following a 3–15 days’ incubation period. Small children who are dehydrated during the fever phase may experience neurological problems and febrile convulsions. The sickness, which is debilitating and causes retro-orbital pain, headache, petechiae rash, myalgia, arthritis and leucopenia, is self-limiting. Three to five days after the fever starts, a macular-papular recovery rash usually begins on the trunk and then develops into the periphery. Due to its debilitating symptoms, which include excruciating pain in the muscles and joints, DF is sometimes called as “break bone fever” or “seven-day fever,” as it last for seven days (Tuiskunen Bäck and Lundkvist, 2013). DHF is a serious febrile illness that can lead to DSS if it progresses severely. It is characterized by irregular haemostasis and elevated vascular permeability. The viral load is 10–100 times higher than that in DF. DSS is marked by hypovolemic shock resulting from fluid leaking into the interstitial space if proper treatment is not provided, can be lethal (Lei et al., 2001, Murrell et al., 2011).