High- and Low-carb Diet and Fasting State Modify Alternative Maximal Accumulated Oxygen Deficit

Int J Sports Med
DOI: 10.1055/a-2373-0102

Physiology & Biochemistry

1 School of Physical Education and Sports of Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil

Matheus S. Norberto

2 Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil

1 School of Physical Education and Sports of Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil

Carolina Lemos de Oliveira

1 School of Physical Education and Sports of Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil

Bianka da Silva Rumayor

1 School of Physical Education and Sports of Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil

João Victor Gatto Torini

1 School of Physical Education and Sports of Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil

Marcelo Papoti

1 School of Physical Education and Sports of Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil

2 Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil

› Author Affiliations Funding Information Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo — http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001807; 2021/14576-8
› Further Information Also available at

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This investigation aimed to assess whether the alternative method of estimating the maximal accumulated oxygen deficit (MAODalt) can detect changes in energy system contribution in different substrate availabilities. Following a graded exercise test to determine maximal oxygen uptake intensity (iVO2max), 26 recreational runners performed a time to exhaustion effort (TTE) as baseline at 110% iVO2max. The same TTE was performed in fasting state, then, a muscle glycogen depletion protocol was executed. Subsequently, participants received a low-carbohydrate diet and beverages containing high (H-CHO, 10.8±2.1 g·kg− 1), moderate (M-CHO, 5.6±1.1 g·kg− 1), or zero (Z-CHO, 0.24±0.05 g·kg− 1) carbohydrates. Another TTE was performed 24 h later. Each energy system contribution was assessed. Generalized linear mixed models were used for statistical analysis (p<0.05). H-CHO increased relative anaerobic capacity (slope effect [baseline –intervention]x[H-CHO – M-CHO]) due to the relative lactic contribution maintenance (slope effect [baseline – intervention]x[H-CHO – Z-CHO] or [H-CHO – M-CHO]) and increase in relative alactic contribution (6.3±3.5 kJ·min− 1). The aerobic contribution was lower (− 8.7±4.0 kJ·min− 1), decreasing performance (− 34±16 s) for H-CHO. M-CHO and Z-CHO maintained anaerobic capacity due to increase in alactic contribution (slope effect [fasting – intervention]x[M-CHO – H-CHO]; and Z-CHO was 7.3±3.4 kJ·min− 1 higher than baseline). Fasting increased relative alactic (2.9±1.7 kJ·min− 1) but decreased aerobic contribution (− 3.3±2.3 kJ·min− 1), impairing performance (− 17±12 s). In conclusion, MAODalt can detect changes in energy system supply in different nutritional states. Therefore, participantʼs nutritional state must be considered prior to conducting the test.

Keywords glycogen - fasting - exercise - energy metabolism - carbohydrate loading diet - carbohydrate-restricted diet Publication History

Received: 10 May 2024

Accepted: 23 July 2024

Accepted Manuscript online:
25 July 2024

Article published online:
20 November 2024

Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany

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High- and Low-carb Diet and Fasting State Modify Alternative Maximal Accumulated Oxygen Deficit

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