Aase JM (1992) Dysmorphologic diagnosis for the Pediatric Practitioner. Pediatr Clin North Am 39:135–156

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Abdelghani N, Barut C, Ogut E (2024) The investigation of cranial fossae in the intracranial cavity of fixed cadaveric skull bases: associations with sex, laterality, and clinical significance. Surg Radiol Anat 46:1305–1329

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Akdag UB, Ogut E, Barut C (2020) Intraforaminal Dural Septations of the Jugular Foramen: a cadaveric study. World Neurosurg 141:e718–e727

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Al-Sebaei MO (2015) The validity of three neo-classical facial canons in young adults originating from the Arabian Peninsula. Head Face Med 11

Alam TRR, Singh MK (2016) Orbital dimensions and Orbital Index of Adult Human Dry Skulls: a direct measurement study. Int J Sci Res 5:523–524

Google Scholar 

Alley TR, Cunningham MR (1991) Article commentary: averaged faces are attractive, but very attractive faces are not average. Psychol Sci 2:123–125

Google Scholar 

Ay T, Akdag UB, Kilincli MF, Ogut E, Barut C (2024) Anatomical variations of foramen of the diaphragma sellae and neighboring structures: a cadaveric study. Anat Sci Int 99:75–89

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bagić I, Verzak Z (2003) Craniofacial anthropometric analysis in Down’s syndrome patients. Coll Antropol 27(Suppl 2):23–30

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Barut C, Sevinc O, Sumbuloglu V (2011) Evaluation of hand asymmetry in relation to hand preference. Coll Antropol 35:1119–1124

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Barut C, Dogan A, Buyukuysal MC (2014) Anthropometric aspects of hand morphology in relation to sex and to body mass in a Turkish population sample. Homo 65:338–348

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Barut C, Ogut E, Askin Z, Alicikus H (2023) Branching patterns and variations of facial artery and clinical importance: a cadaveric study. Dubai Med J 6:81–96

Google Scholar 

Botwe BO, Sule DS, Ismael AM (2017) Radiologic evaluation of orbital index among ghanaians using CT scan. J Physiol Anthropol 36:29

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Colmenares Guillén LE, Carrillo Ruiz M, Albores Velasco FJ, Gaona Bernabé G (2020) Face Classification in Adults and Minors, an Approach based on Facial Anthropometry. Computación y Sistemas 24

DeCarlo D, Metaxas D, Stone M (1998) An Anthropometric Face Model Using Variational Techniques. Proceedings SIGGRAPH;10.1145/280814.28082367-74

DiNubile MJ (1988) Septic thrombosis of the cavernous sinuses. Arch Neurol 45:567–572

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fang F, Clapham PJ, Chung KC (2011) A systematic review of interethnic variability in facial dimensions. Plast Reconstr Surg 127:874–881

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Farkas LG, Cheung G (1981) Facial asymmetry in healthy north American caucasians: an Anthropometrical Study. Angle Orthod 51:70–77

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Farkas LG, Deutsch CK (1996) Anthropometric determination of craniofacial morphology. Am J Med Genet 65:1–4

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Farkas LG, Deutsch CK, Hreczko TA (1984) Asymmetries in nostrils and the surrounding tissues of the soft Nose—A morphometric study. Ann Plast Surg 12:10–15

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fourie Z, Damstra J, Gerrits PO, Ren Y (2011) Accuracy and repeatability of anthropometric facial measurements using cone beam computed tomography. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 48:623–630

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Goto R, Mascie-Taylor CGN (2007) Precision of Measurement as a component of human variation. J Physiol Anthropol 26:253–256

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Guzelad O, Ogut E, Yildirim FB (2023) Evaluation of the Parietal Foramen and its Surgical Importance in Dry skulls: a cross-sectional morphometric study. Med Bull Haseki 61:43–51

Google Scholar 

Hajeer MY, Millett DT, Ayoub AF, Siebert JP (2004) Applications of 3D imaging in orthodontics: part I. J Orthod 31:62–70

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

JG. G (1885) The Frankfort Craniometric Agreement with critical remarks. J Anthropol Inst Great Br Irel 14:64–83

Google Scholar 

Kemper CJ, Schwerdtfeger A (2008) Comparing indirect methods of digit ratio (2D:4D) measurement. Am J Hum Biology 21:188–191

Google Scholar 

Kim S-B, Hu H, Lee H-J, Yi K-H (2024) Sonoanatomy of injecting botulinum neurotoxin into the facial muscles. Surg Radiol Anat 46:1237–1252

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Li X, Du X, Zhu H, Xu H (2022) The Hand as Foot teaching method in the danger triangle of the face. Asian J Surg 45:2314–2315

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lipiec K, Ryniewicz WI, Groch M, Wieczorek A, Loster JE (2019) The Evaluation of Anthropometric Measurements of Young Polish women’s faces. J Craniofac Surg 30:709–712

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Liu Y, Kau CH, Talbert L, Pan F (2014) Three-dimensional analysis of facial morphology. J Craniofac Surg 25:1890–1894

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lorena Maria D, Marina S, Juliana de Cassia Pinto F, Vivian Monteiro P et al (2017) Bruna Cristina do Nascimento R, Djanira Aparecida da Luz V,. Evaluation of anthropometric facial landmarks in women with Blepharophimosis, Ptosis, and Epicanthus Inversus Syndrome (BPES). Rsbo 14:147–151

Maes U (1937) Infections of the dangerous areas of the face their pathology and treatment. Ann Surg 106

Martin R (1957) K. S. Lehrbuch Der Anthropologie, vol 1. Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart

Google Scholar 

Modabber A, Peters F, Galster H, Möhlhenrich SC, Bock A, Heitzer M et al (2020) Three-dimensional evaluation of important surgical landmarks of the face during aging. Ann Anat 228:151435

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ogut E, Barut C (2021) Trifurcation of the facial artery at the inferior border of the mandible: a case report. Surg Radiol Anat 43:451–454

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ogut E, Armagan K, Barut C (2021) Reappraisal of the types of trigeminal porus and importance in surgical applications. Surg Radiol Anat 43:1169–1178

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ogut E, Akdag UB, Kilincli MF, Barut C (2022) Reappraisal of the types of hypoglossal canal: endocranial approach. Anat Sci Int 97:399–408

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ogut E, Yildirim FB, Guzelad O (2024) Assessing the frequency and variability of accessory zygomatic sutures in dry skulls: clinical insights and potential implications. Surg Radiol Anat 46:1285–1294

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Öğüt E, Güzelad Ö, Yıldırım FB, Sayılar E (2023) Anatomical and morphometric evaluation of the Cranial Index and its relevance to clinical syndromes. Meandros Med Dent J 24:46–51

Google Scholar 

Olusanya AA, Aladelusi TO, Adedokun B (2018) Anthropometric analysis of the Nigerian Face: any conformity to the neoclassical canons? J Craniofac Surg 29:1978–1982

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Özer CM, Öz II, Şerifoğlu I, Büyükuysal MÇ, Barut Ç (2016) Evaluation of Eyeball and Orbit in relation to gender and age. J Craniofac Surg 27:e793–e800

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ozsoy U, Sekerci R, Ogut E (2015) Effect of sitting, standing, and supine body positions on facial soft tissue: detailed 3D analysis. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 44:1309–1316

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Pannu AK, Saroch A, Sharma N (2017) Danger Triangle of Face and Septic cavernous sinus thrombosis. J Emerg Med 53:137–138

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Regoli M, Ogut E, Bertelli E (2016) An osteologic study of human ethmoidal foramina with special reference to their classification and symmetry. Ital J Anat Embryol 121:66–76

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ryu JY, Park K-S, Kim M-J, Yun J-S, Lee UY, Lee S-S et al (2020) Craniofacial anthropometric investigation of the relationship between the nose and nasal aperture using 3D computed tomography of Korean subjects. Sci Rep 10

Sekerci R, Ogut E, Keles-Celik N (2021) The influences of porus acusticus internus on ethnicity and importance in preoperative and intraoperative approaches. Surg Radiol Anat 43:1829–1838

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sforza C, Grandi G, Catti F, Tommasi DG, Ugolini A, Ferrario VF (2009) Age- and sex-related changes in the soft tissues of the orbital region. Forensic Sci Int 185:115e111–115e118

Google Scholar 

Sforza C, Grandi G, De Menezes M, Tartaglia GM, Ferrario VF (2011) Age- and sex-related changes in the normal human external nose. Forensic Sci Int 204:205e201–205e209

Google Scholar 

Shrestha R, Shrestha N, Upadhyay HP (2019) Prevalence of leptoprosopic type of Face among Dental Students. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc 57:216–220

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Southwick FS, Richardoson EPJ, Swartz MN (1986) Septic thrombosis of the dural venous sinus. Medicine 65

Thatai D, Chandy L, Dhar KL (1992) Septic cavernous sinus thrombophlebitis: a review of 35 cases. J Indian Med Assoc 90:290–292

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ulijaszek T, Lourie J (1994) Intra- and interobserver errors in anthropometric measurements. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

Google Scholar 

Weinberg SM, Naidoo S, Govier DP, Martin RA, Kane AA, Marazita ML (2006) Anthropometric precision and accuracy of digital three-dimensional photogrammetry: comparing the Genex and 3dMD imaging systems with one another and with direct anthropometry. J Craniofac Surg 17:477–483

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wong JY, Oh AK, Ohta E, Hunt AT, Rogers GF, Mulliken JB et al (2008) Validity and reliability of craniofacial anthropometric measurements of 3D digital photogrammetric images. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 45:232–239

PubMed