1,3-Dienes are important scaffolds that extensively exist in natural products and bioactive molecules. They are also valuable building blocks in organic chemistry and material chemistry. Recently, transition metal-catalyzed transformations of propargylic esters have been widely explored, showing the versatility and significance of propargylic esters. Compared to well-developed propargylation, allenylation, and alkenylation, 1,3-dienylation is rarely established. The precise control of the regioselective formation of metallacyclobutene species and subsequent protonation/β-H elimination is the key point for this event, which allows for the stereoselective synthesis of synthetically useful substituted 1,3-dienes. This review highlights recent advances in transition metal-catalyzed redox-neutral 1,3-dienylation of propargylic esters and divergent synthesis involving 1,3-dienylation.

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