The digital scent device 20: an automated, self-administered odor identification test

Rocke J, Hopkins C, Philpott C, Kuma N (2020) Is loss of sense of smell a diagnostic marker in COVID-19: a systematic review and meta‐analysis. Clin Otolaryngol 45:914–922

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Haehner A, Draf J, Dräger S, Hummel T (2020) Predictive value of sudden olfactory loss in the diagnosis of COVID-19. ORL 82:175–180

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Whitcroft KL, Hummel T (2020) Olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19: diagnosis and management. JAMA 323:2512–2514

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Haehner A, Boesveldt S, Berendse HW et al (2009) Prevalence of smell loss in Parkinson’s disease–a multicenter study. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 15:490–494

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Murphy C (2019) Olfactory and other sensory impairments in Alzheimer disease. Nat Rev Neurol 15:11–24

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Devanand DP (2016) Olfactory identification deficits, cognitive decline, and dementia in older adults. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 24:1151–1157

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Croy I, Nordin S, Hummel T (2014) Olfactory disorders and quality of life—an updated review. Chem Senses 39:185–194

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Croy I, Hummel T (2017) Olfaction as a marker for depression. J Neurol 264:631–638

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dintica CS, Marseglia A, Rizzuto D et al (2019) Impaired olfaction is associated with cognitive decline and neurodegeneration in the brain. Neurology 92:e700–e709

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Maremmani C, Rossi G, Tambasco N et al (2012) The validity and reliability of the Italian olfactory identification test (IOIT) in healthy subjects and in Parkinson’s disease patients. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 18:788–793

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Nordin S, Brämerson A, Liden E, Bende M (1998) The scandinavian odor-identification test: development, reliability, validity and normative data. Acta Otolaryngol 118:226–234

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Doty RL, Marcus A, William Lee WJTL (1996) Development of the 12-item cross‐cultural smell identification test (CC‐SIT). Laryngoscope 106:353–356

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cardesín A, Alobid I, Benítez P et al (2006) Barcelona Smell Test-24 (BAST-24): validation and smell characteristics in the healthy Spanish population. Rhinol 44:83

Google Scholar 

Thomas-Danguin T, Rouby C, Sicard G et al (2003) Development of the ETOC: a European test of olfactory capabilities. Rhinol 41:134–151

Google Scholar 

Vaira LA, Salzano G, Petrocelli M et al (2020) Validation of a self-administered olfactory and gustatory test for the remotely evaluation of COVID‐19 patients in home quarantine. Head Neck 42:1570–1576

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Doty RL, Frye RE, Agrawal U (1989) Internal consistency reliability of the fractionated and whole University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test. Percept Psychophys 45:381–384

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hummel T, Sekinger B, Wolf SR, Pauli E, Kobal G (1997) Sniffin’sticks’: olfactory performance assessed by the combined testing of odor identification, odor discrimination and olfactory threshold. Chem Senses 22:39–52

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Oleszkiewicz A, Schriever VA, Croy I, Haehner A, Hummel T (2019) Updated Sniffin’sticks normative data based on an extended sample of 9139 subjects. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 276:719–728

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kohli P, Soler ZM, Nguyen SA, Muus JS, Schlosser RJ (2016) The association between olfaction and depression: a systematic review. Chem Senses 41:479–486

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sohrabi HR, Bate KA, Weinborn MG, Johnston ANB et al (2012) Olfactory discrimination predicts cognitive decline among community-dwelling older adults. Transl Psychiatry 2:e118–e118

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Landis BN, Hummel T (2006) New evidence for high occurrence of olfactory dysfunctions within the population. Am J Med 119:91–92

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hummel T, Rosenheim K, Konnerth CG, Kobal G (2001) Screening of olfactory function with a four-minute odor identification test: reliability, normative data, and investigations in patients with olfactory loss. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 110:976–981

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hedner M, Larsson M, Arnold N, Zucco GM, Hummel T (2010) Cognitive factors in odor detection, odor discrimination, and odor identification tasks. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 32:1062–1067

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Khil L, Rahe C, Wellmann J, Baune BT, Wersching H, Berger K (2016) Association between major depressive disorder and odor identification impairment. J Affect Disord 203:332–338

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sabiniewicz A, Hoffmann L, Haehner A, Hummel T (2022) Symptoms of depression change with olfactory function. Sci Rep 12:5656

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Moein ST, Hashemian SM, Tabarsi P, Doty RL (2020) Prevalence and reversibility of smell dysfunction measured psychophysically in a cohort of COVID-19 patients. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 10:1127–1135

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Mueller CA, Grassinger E, Naka A, Temmel AF, Hummel T, Kobal G (2006) A self-administered odor identification test procedure using the sniffin’sticks. Chem Senses 31:595–598

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Nakanishi M, Fornazieri MA, Lança Gomes P et al (2022) The digital scent device as a new concept for olfactory assessment. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 12:1263–1272

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Nakanishi M, Brandão deP, PR, GSM F et al (2023) The Multiscent-20: a Digital Odour Identification Test developed with item response theory. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3136718/v1. PREPRINT available at Research Square

Faul F, Erdfelder E, Lang AG, Buchner A (2007) G* power 3: a flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behav Res Methods 39:175–191

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bland JM, Altma DG (1999) Measuring agreement in method comparison studies. Stat Methods Med Res 8:135–160

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Doty RL, McKeown DA, Lee WW, Shaman P (1995) A study of the test-retest reliability of ten olfactory tests. Chem Senses 20:645–656

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Doty RL, Kamath V (2014) The influences of age on olfaction: a review. Front Psychol 5:72845

Article  Google Scholar 

Doty RL, Shaman P, Dann M (1984) Development of the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test: a standardized microencapsulated test of olfactory function. Physiol Behav 32:489–502

Article  CAS  PubMed 

Comments (0)

No login
gif