The performance of the QuEChERS method in this study, as indicated by a high percentage (>90%) of recovery observations falling within the range of 70-120% and a sample replicate deviation (% RSD) of <20%, for the analysis of isoprocarb and carbaryl pesticides, has been evaluated over a 14-month period (November 2021 to December 2022) for the export of Indonesian coffee. Following a seven-day observation of the stability of these pesticides in coffee extract, it was found that the added standard calibration solution remained stable and usable for seven days when stored at 4 °C and -20 °C. This validated method, with high sensitivity (LOQ of 0.001 mg/kg for isoprocarb and carbaryl), has been employed to monitor residues in Indonesian coffee exports to comply with maximum residue limits (MRLs). The samples with higher contamination levels were predominantly from Robusta coffee (57.76%), followed by Arabica coffee (6.17%). The detection rates for residues decreased to more than 90% in the last two months of the method’s application. In the observation of coffee processing, it was found that isoprocarb residues in contaminated samples could be transferred to the processed coffee (roasted and its infusion) to a limited extent, while residues from the carcinogenic carbaryl were not detected due to evaporation. Additionally, the chronic dietary risk assessment showed that contaminated samples of Robusta and Arabica coffees should not be considered a significant public health concern (hazard index HI < 1). However, continuous monitoring of pesticide residues in Indonesian coffee is still recommended, not only to conform to the MRLs of importing countries but also to ensure food trade.

This article is Open Access

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