Furue K, Ito T, Tsuji G, Ulzii D, Vu YH, Kido-Nakahara M, et al. The IL-13-OVOL1-FLG axis in atopic dermatitis. Immunology. 2019;158:281–6.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Suarez-Farinas M, Ungar B, da Rosa CJ, Ewald DA, Rozenblit M, Gonzalez J, et al. RNA sequencing atopic dermatitis transcriptome profiling provides insights into novel disease mechanisms with potential therapeutic implications. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2015;135:1218–27.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Czarnowicki T, He H, Krueger JG, Guttman-Yassky E. Atopic dermatitis endotypes and implications for targeted therapeutics. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2019;143:1–11.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Silverberg JI, Kantor R. The role of interleukins 4 and/or 13 in the pathophysiology and treatment of atopic dermatitis. Dermatol Clin. 2017;35:327–34.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bissonnette R, Pavel AB, Diaz A, Werth JL, Zang C, Vranic I, et al. Crisaborole and atopic dermatitis skin biomarkers: an intrapatient randomized trial. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2019;144:1274–89.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Newsom M, Bashyam AM, Balogh EA, Feldman SR, Strowd LC. New and emerging systemic treatments for atopic dermatitis. Drugs. 2020;80:1041–52.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Harb H, Chatila TA. Mechanisms of dupilumab. Clin Exp Allergy. 2019;50:5–14.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wollenberg A, Howell MD, Guttman-Yassky E, Silverberg JI, Kell C, Ranade K, et al. Treatment of atopic dermatitis with tralokinumab, an anti-IL-13 mAb. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2019;143:135–41.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Simpson EL, Bieber T, Guttman-Yassky E, Beck LA, Blauvelt A, Cork MJ, et al. SOLO 1 and SOLO 2 investigators. Two phase 3 trials of dupilumab versus placebo in atopic dermatitis. N Engl J Med. 2016;375:2335–48.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Worm M, Simpson EL, Thaçi D, Bissonnette R, Lacour JP, Beissert S, et al. Efficacy and safety of multiple dupilumab dose regimens after initial successful treatment in patients with atopic dermatitis: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Dermatol. 2020;156:131–43.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Blauvelt A, de Bruin-Weller M, Gooderham M, Cather JC, Weisman J, Pariser D, et al. Long-term management of moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis with dupilumab and concomitant topical corticosteroids (LIBERTY AD CHRONOS): a 1-year, randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2017;389:2287–303.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

de Bruin-Weller M, Thaçi D, Smith CH, Reich K, Cork MJ, Radin A, et al. Dupilumab with concomitant topical corticosteroid treatment in adults with atopic dermatitis with an inadequate response or intolerance to ciclosporin A or when this treatment is medically inadvisable: a placebo-controlled, randomized phase III clinical trial (LIBERTY AD CAFÉ). Br J Dermatol. 2018;178:1083–101.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Beck LA, Thaçi D, Deleuran M, Blauvelt A, Bissonnette R, de Bruin-Weller M, et al. Dupilumab provides favorable safety and sustained efficacy for up to 3 years in an open-label study of adults with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2020;21:567–77.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Simpson EL, Paller AS, Siegfried EC, Boguniewicz M, Sher L, Gooderham MJ, et al. Efficacy and safety of dupilumab in adolescents with uncontrolled moderate to severe atopic dermatitis: a phase 3 randomized clinical trial. JAMA Dermatol. 2020;156:44–56.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cork MJ, Thaçi D, Eichenfield LF, Arkwright PD, Sun X, Chen Z, et al. Dupilumab provides favourable long-term safety and efficacy in children aged ≥6 to <12 years with uncontrolled severe atopic dermatitis: results from an open-label phase IIa study and subsequent phase III open-label extension study. Br J Dermatol. 2021;184:857–70.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Paller AS, Wollenberg A, Siegfried E, Thaçi D, Cork MJ, Arkwright PD, et al. Laboratory safety of dupilumab in patients aged 6–11 years with severe atopic dermatitis: results from a phase iii clinical trial. Paediatr Drugs. 2021;23:515–27.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

•• Patruno C, Fabbrocini G, Longo G, Argenziano G, Ferrucci SM, Stingeni L, et al. Effectiveness and safety of long-term dupilumab treatment in elderly patients with atopic dermatitis: a multicenter real-life observational study. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2021;22:581–6. The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness and safety of dupilumab in treating elderly patients with atopic dermatitis from baseline to 52 weeks. - In this study, dupilumab is an effective and safe treatment for the long-term management of atopic dermatitis in patients aged over 65 years.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Patruno C, Napolitano M, Argenziano G, Peris K, Ortoncelli M, Girolomoni G, et al. DADE - Dupilumab for Atopic Dermatitis of the Elderly study group. Dupilumab therapy of atopic dermatitis of the elderly: a multicentre, real-life study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2021;35:958–64.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wollenberg A, Blauvelt A, Guttman-Yassky E, Worm M, Lynde C, et al. ECZTRA 1 and ECZTRA 2 study investigators. Tralokinumab for moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: results from two 52-week, randomized, double-blind, multicentre, placebo-controlled phase III trials (ECZTRA 1 and ECZTRA 2). Br J Dermatol. 2021;184:437–49.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Silverberg JI, Toth D, Bieber T, Alexis AF, Elewski BE, Pink AE, et al. ECZTRA 3 study investigators. Tralokinumab plus topical corticosteroids for the treatment of moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: results from the double-blind, randomized, multicentre, placebo-controlled phase III ECZTRA 3 trial. Br J Dermatol. 2021;184:450–63.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

•• Blauvelt A, Langley RG, Lacour JP, Toth D, Laquer V, Beissert S, et al. Long-term 2 year safety and efficacy of tralokinumab in adults with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: interim analysis of the ECZTEND open-label extension trial. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2022;87:815–24. To evaluate the safety and efficacy of up to 2 years tralokinumab treatment in a post hoc interim analysis. - Over 2 years, tralokinumab has been well tolerated and maintained long-term control of AD signs and symptoms.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gutermuth J, Pink AE, Worm M, Soldbro L, Bjerregård Øland C, Weidinger S, et al. Tralokinumab plus topical corticosteroids in adults with severe atopic dermatitis and inadequate response to or intolerance of ciclosporin A: a placebo-controlled, randomized, phase III clinical trial (ECZTRA 7). Br J Dermatol. 2022;186:440–52.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Simpson EL, Flohr C, Eichenfield LF, Bieber T, Sofen H, Taieb A, et al. Efficacy and safety of lebrikizumab (an antiIL-13 monoclonal antibody) in adults with moderate- to-severe atopic dermatitis inadequately controlled by topical corticosteroids: a randomized, placebo-controlled phase II trial (TREBLE). J Am Acad Dermatol. 2018;78:863-71e11.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Guttman-Yassky E, Blauvelt A, Eichenfeld LF, Paller AS, Armstrong AW, Drew J, et al. Efficacy and safety of lebrikizumab, a high-affinity interleukin 13 inhibitor, in adults with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis: a phase 2b randomized clinical trial. JAMA Dermatol. 2020;156:411–20.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ferrara F, Vitiello A. Scientific hypothesis for treatment of COVID-19’s lung lesions by adjusting ACE/ACE2 imbalance. Cardiovasc Toxicol. 2021;21(6):498–503. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12012-021-09649-y.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ruzicka T, Hanifn JM, Furue M, Pulka G, Mlynarczyk I, Wollenberg A, et al. XCIMA Study Group. Anti-interleukin-31 receptor A antibody for atopic dermatitis. N Engl J Med. 2017;376:826–35.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Silverberg JI, Pinter A, Pulka G, Poulin Y, Bouaziz JD, Wollenberg A, et al. Phase 2B randomized study of nemolizumab in adults with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis and severe pruritus. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2019;145:173–82.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Nemoto O, Furue M, Nakagawa H, Shiramoto M, Hanada R, Matsuki S, et al. The first trial of CIM331, a humanized antihuman interleukin-31 receptor A antibody, in healthy volunteers and patients with atopic dermatitis to evaluate safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of a single dose in a randomized, double-blind, placebo- controlled study. Br J Dermatol. 2016;174:296–304.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Duhen R, Ballesteros-Merino C, Frye AK, Tran E, Shu-Ching Chang T, Koguchi Y, et al. Neoadjuvant anti-OX40 (MEDI6469) therapy in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma activates and expands antigen-specific tumor-infiltrating T cells. Nat Commun. 2021;12:1047.

Article  ADS  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Guttman-Yassky EE, Pavel AB, Zhou L, Estrada YD, Zhang N, Xu H, et al. GBR 830, an anti-OX40, improves skin gene signatures and clinical scores in patients with atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2019;144:482-93e7.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mogul A, Corsi K, McAuliffe L. Baricitinib: the second FDA-approved JAK inhibitor for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Pharmacother. 2019;53:947–53.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Guttman-Yassky E, Silverberg JI, Nemoto O, Forman SB, Wilke A, Prescilla R, et al. Baricitinib in adult patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: a phase 2 parallel, double-blinded, randomized placebo-controlled multiple-dose study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2019;80:913-21e9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bauman JN, Doran AC, King-Ahmad A, Sharma R, Walker GS, Lin J, et al. The pharmacokinetics, metabolism, and clearance mechanisms of abrocitinib, a selective Janus kinase inhibitor, in humans. Drug Metab Dispos. 2022;50:1106–18.

Article  CAS  PubMed