Selen İnce Yusufoğlu, Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, TurkiyeFollow
Esma Saricam, Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, TurkiyeFollow
Neslihan Bulak, Endodontics Specialist, Private Practice, Ankara, TurkiyeFollow
Mustafa Güngörmüs, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, TurkiyeFollow
Fatih Tulumbacı, Departments of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, TurkiyeFollow
Suat Özcan, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara, TurkiyeFollow

Chemo mechanical preparation is one of the important stages for successful endodontic treatment, and Boric acid has been proposed as an alternative irrigation solution for root canal treatment. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of irrigation with boric acid (BA) and EDTA on the mineral content and microhardness of dentin and penetration of the AH Plus root canal sealer. Methods: 63 single-rooted teeth were instrumented. Microhardness analysis, 45 teeth were cut longitudinally and then transversely to obtain dentin. Pre- and post-treatment microhardness values were measured. The samples were randomly assigned into 3 groups (n = 15) for irrigation solution: distilled water, 17% EDTA, and 5% BA. The 18 roots were irrigated with three solutions (n = 6). Nine of the roots were filled with AH-Plus for confocal laser scanning microscopy analysis, and the others were used for XRD analysis. Results: The results were evaluated with the ANOVA test. BA caused a significant decrease in microhardness value in apical and coronal parts (p Conclusion: BA provided higher sealer penetration ability. BA reduced the microhardness and provided better sealer penetration.

1. Grossman LI, Oliet S, del Rio CE. Endodontic practices. 11th ed. Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger; 1998. p. 187–90.

2. Gwinnett AJ. Smear layer: Mor phological considerations. Oper Dent Suppl. 1984; 3:2-12.

3. Haapasalo M, Shen Y, Wang Z, Gao Y. Irrigation in endodontics. Br Dent J. 2014; 216(6):299-303.

4. Aktener BO, Bilkay U. Smear layer removal with different concentrations of EDTA-ethylenediamine mixtures. J Endod. 1993; 19(5):228-31.

5. Villegas JC, Yoshioka T, Kobayashi C, Suda H. Obturation of accessory canals after four different final irrigation regimes. J Endod. 2002; 28(7):534- 6.

6. Cruz-Filho AM, Sousa-Neto MD, Savioli RN, Silva RG, Vansan LP, Pécora JD. Effect of chelating solutions on the microhardness of root canal lumen dentin. J Endod. 2011; 37(3):358-62.

7. Luan Q, Desta T, Chehab L, Sanders VJ, Plattner J, Graves DT. Inhibition of experimental periodontitis by a topical boron-based antimicrobial. J Dent Res. 2008; 87(2):148-52.

8. Turk T, Kaval ME, Şen BH. Evaluation of the smear layer removal and erosive capacity of EDTA, boric acid, citric acid and desy clean solutions: An in vitro study. BMC Oral Health. 2015; 15:104.

9. Culhaoglu AK, Özcan E, Kilicarslan MA, Seker E. Effect of boric acid versus conventional irrigation solutions on the bond strength between fiber post and root dentin. J Adhes Dent. 2017; 19(2):137-46.

10. Hunt CD. Dietary boron: An overview of th evidence for its role in immune function. J Trace Elem Experiment Med. 2003; 16(4):291-306.

11. Saita K, Nagaoka S, Shirosaki T, Horikawa M, Matsuda S, Ihara H. Preparation and characterization of dispersible chitosan particles with borate crosslinking and their antimicrobial and antifungal activity. Carbohydr Res. 2012; 349:52-8.

12. Zan R, Hubbezoglu I, Ozdemir AK, Tunc T, Sumer Z, Alici O. Antibacterial effect of different concentration of boric acid against enterococcus faecalis biofilms in root canal. Marmara Dent J. 2013; 2(29):76-80.

13. del Palacio A, Cuétara MS, López-Suso MJ, Amor E, Garau M. Randomized prospective comparative study: short-term treatment with ciclopiroxolamine (cream and solution) versus boric acid in the treatment of otomycosis. Mycoses. 2002; 45(8):317-28.

14. Gharib SR, Tordik PA, Imamura GM, Baginski TA, Goodell GG. A confocal laser scanning microscope investigation of the epiphany obturation system. J Endod. 2007; 33(8):957-61.

15. Aslantas EE, Buzoglu HD, Altundasar E, Serper A. Effect of EDTA, sodium hypochlorite, and chlorhexidine gluconate with or without surface modifiers on dentin microhardness. J Endod. 2014; 40(6):876-9.

16. Oliveira LD, Carvalho CA, Nunes W, Valera MC, Camargo CHR, Jorge AOC. Effects of clorhexidine and sodium hypochlorite on the microhardness of root canal dentin. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2007; 104(4):e125-8.

17. Ari H, Erdemir A, Belli S. Evaluation of the effect of endodontic irrigation solutions on the microhardness and the roughness of root canal dentin. J Endod. 2004; 30(11):792-5.

18. Saghiri MA, Delvarani A, Mehrvarzfar P, Malganji G, Lotfi M, Dadresanfar B, Saghiri AM, Dadvand S. A study of the relation between erosion and microhardness of root canal dentin. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2009; 108(6):e29-34.

19. Taneja S, Kumari M, Anand S. Effect of QMix, peracetic acid and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid on calcium loss and microhardness of root dentine. J Conserv Dent. 2014; 17(2):155-8.

20. Akman M, Belli S, Olcay K, Özçopur B. The effect of boric acid on root dentin mineral content and bond stregth of AH-Plus: A SEM-EDX study. Turkiye Klinikleri J Dent Sci. 2016; 22(1):14-20.

21. Baldasso FER, Roleto L, Silva VDD, Morgental RD, Kopper PMP. Effect of final irrigation protocols on microhardness reduction and erosion of root canal dentin. Braz Oral Res. 2017; 31:e40.

22. Lo Giudice G, Cutroneo G, Centofanti A, Artemisia A, Bramanti E, Militi A, Rizzo G, Favaloro A, Irrera A, Lo Giudice R, Cicciù M. Dentin morphology of root canal surface: A quantitative evaluation based on a scanning electronic microscopy study. Biomed Res Int. 2015; 2015:164065.

23. Qian W, Shen Y, Haapasalo M. Quantitative analysis of the effect of irrigant solution sequences on dentin erosion. J Endod. 2011; 37(10):1437-41.

24. Macha IJ, Boonyang U, Cazalbou S, Ben-Nissan B, Charvillat C, Oktar FN, Grossin D. Comparative study of Coral Conversion, Part 2: Microstructural evolution of calcium phosphate. J Aust Ceram Soc. 2015; 51(2):149-59.

25. Machado R, Garcia LDFR, da Silva Neto UX, Cruz Filho AMD, Silva RG, Vansan LP. Evaluation of 17% EDTA and 10% citric acid in smear layer removal and tubular dentin sealer penetration. Microsc Res Tech. 2018; 81(3):275-82.

26. Moseman RF. Chemical disposition of boron in animals and humans. Environ Health Perspect. 1994; 102 Suppl 7(Suppl 7):113-7.

27. Başaran N, Duydu Y, Bolt HM. Reproductive toxicity in boron exposed workers in Bandirma, Turkey. J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2012; 26(2-3):165- 7.

28. Gölge UH, Kaymaz B, Arpaci R, Kömürcü E, Göksel F, Güven M, Güzel Y, Cevizci S. Effects of boric acid on fracture healing: An experimental study. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2015; 167(2):264-71.