aDepartment of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Perlmutter Cancer at NYU Langone Health, New York, New York

bDepartment of Radiation Oncology at NYU Langone Health, New York, New York

cDepartment of Urology, NYU-Langone Health, New York, New York

dCenter for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA

Correspondence to Andrea B. Apolo, MD, Senior Investigator and Lasker Scholar, Chief, Bladder Cancer Section, Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr. 13N240, MSC 1906, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Tel: +1 301 480 0536; fax: +1 301 451 5641; e-mail: [email protected]