S.F. Shariat declares the following competing interests: Honoraria: Astellas, Astra Zeneca, Bayer, BMS, Cepheid, Ferring, Ipsen, Janssen, Lilly, MSD, Olympus, Pfizer, Pierre-Fabre, Richard Wolf, Roche, Sanochemia, Sanofi, Takeda, Urogen. Consulting or Advisory Role: Astellas, Astra Zeneca, Bayer, BMS, Cepheid, Ferring, Ipsen, Janssen, Lilly, MSD, Olympus, Pfizer, Pierre-Fabre, Richard Wolf, Roche, Sanochemia, Sanofi, Takeda, Urogen. Speakers’ Bureau: Astellas, Astra Zeneca, Bayer, BMS, Cepheid, Ferring, Ipsen, Janssen, Lilly, MSD, Olympus, Pfizer, Pierre-Fabre, Richard Wolf, Roche, Sanochemia, Sanofi, Takeda, Urogen, Movember Foundation. Patents: Method to determine prognosis after therapy for prostate cancer, Granted 2002-09-06; Methods to determine prognosis after therapy for bladder cancer, Granted 2003-06-19; Prognostic methods for patients with prostatic disease, Granted 2004-08-05; Soluble Fas urinary marker for the detection of bladder transitional cell carcinoma, Granted 2010-07-20